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According to the Pew Internet Project study, 65% of cell phone users keep their cell phones on a bed while sleeping. Though a fraction might actually use it for meditation or relaxation apps/music, the adverse health effects of sleeping beside your cell phones have been an age-old controversy.

1. Sleep is disturbed

Being a gadget it might ring, beep or vibrate is what we presume. But only a few are unaffected by the FOMO (Fear of missing out) condition psychosomatically urging them to check their phones, long after they have decided to sleep. So the precursor to Deep Sleep called REM (Rapid Eye Movement) is where one ends up spending most of their naptime.

2. Increases brain activities

Scientific research has shown that prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation can damage the Blood-brain barrier, causing albumin leakage in the brain. Even the brain’s blood glucose activity is accelerated by the phone’s wireless waves.

3. Might cause cancer

Acceptable SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) values of phone radiation being decided by engineers are where this controversy starts. Though no conclusive scientific evidence of cell phones causing cancer has yet been proved, there are a number of researchers that spoke otherwise, prompting the WHO to issue a discretionary disclaimer to keep cell phones away from kids.

4. Cognitive & behavioral effects

2009 study links, exposure to radiofrequency radiation to slower response times for a spatial working memory task. Behavioral effects have been found to resemble those of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

5. Reproductive malfunctions

Pregnant mothers run the risk of unknown genetic mutations in the embryo due to Electromagnetic radiation. In males, it can cause reduced sperm count & quality.

6. Bed on Fire

Not literally, though. But when flagship models explode while charging, it’s mandatory to keep the phone away from your body to avoid any chances of incarceration.

What is pain?

Pain is a protective reflex in response to an underlying injury / damage. It is only a symptom and not a disease. Treat it like a friend and not enemy.

More about pain:

Pain is the psychological expression of underlying actual or potential physical injury. Pain has two components – physical (injury) and psychological (expression). Stress (extreme of any emotion such as anxiety, apprehension, fear etc) – amplifies pain and complicates pain.

How does pain get better?

Human body heals any injury / damage naturally; but it takes time. In 3-months, 90% of people get pain relief on their own. But, problem is that we are impatient and are offered with lot of options. We don’t let the body heal injury by naturally.

Bed rest > 2 days delays recovery – worsen psychological component of pain. Active rest is the key to early healing.

Lumbar Belts / Neck Collars > 7 days are proven to be BAD – cause wasting of neck / trunk muscles. Hence avoid their long term use.

Physiotherapy / pain killers are NOT effective in changing the natural course of healing. Analgesics can betaken on-demand basis.

In patients with >2 years of back & neck pain – incidence of depression is >80% and antidepressants are of proven benefit.n Smoking has direct link with back & neck pain because of its role in causation and acceleration of disc degeneration – Hence quit smoking. Over weight increases strain on the back and thus causes backpain

MRI

Eugene Carraggee (Stanford University, USA) published a paper in New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 352: 1891-98. He analyzed MRI’s of thousands of normal volunteers between 20-40 years of age who never had back pain. He found Slip Disc (55%), Disc Degeneration (60%), Annular Tears (30%) and High Intensity Zone (25%) in > 80% of study population on MRI.

MRI is oversensitive and non-specific tool. It is very tempting tool to both the doctor and the patient. Once MRI is done, it is very difficult to stop as findings in the report are usually too exaggerated. MRI findings are not used for indication for surgery. We need to treat the patient and not the MRI. If the patient deserves surgery clinically, then MRI becomes gold standard investigation to direct surgery to the exact pathology.

Do’s and Don’ts:

When in pain, be within its limits (listen to your body, not to anybody else) and Stay active. Don’t provoke / increase the pain by any activity, as it means that the injury or damage is being increased before nature heals it.

When do we need Surgery / MRI?

• 1. Absolute indications (Surgeon sells surgery) – irrespective of duration of symptoms, time is money, delay causes increased damage -cry of the dying nerves
• 2. Gross weakness of limbs
• 3. Lose of control over Urine / motion
• 4. Relative indication (Patient buys surgery) – as pain is subjective
• 5. Functionally disabling pain > 3 months (functional disability is the gap between the expectations and abilities of a person – very highly individualized)

Natural History of Neglected Back/Neck pain

Back/Neck pain has episodic occurrence. With increasing age and repeated episodes, natural healing capacity reduces and risk of recurrence and persistence of pain increases.

Prevention of Back/Neck pain

Spine consists of 33 bones and every two bones are connected with each other by three joints (bearings). For these joints, movement is life. If they don’t move for a while, they get jammed and then they break on attempted /forced movement.

So, flexible spine resists injury/damage while the stiff spine breaks with the smallest of jerks. The permanent solution is to keep all the joints (bearings) of the spine mobile everyday and get back the flexibility by gradual stretching in the form of lyengar Yoga. Yoga has been proven scientifically to be the best way to cure chronic back/neck pain (Williams K et al Spine 2009; 34: 2066-76). lyengar yoga increases the flexibility of the spine as well as reduces the stress. Thus it targets both (physical and psychological) components of back/neck pain. Start on Yoga once pain subsides and continue for the rest of life. It is a way of life and not an exercise

Joints are the connections between the bones which help in movement. They also provide support to the body by bearing the weight of the different parts of the body. Joint pain is an extremely common condition. It can affect any part of the body, be it the hands, shoulders, hips, ankles, thighs etc. Joint pain is usually known as Arthritis, where the joints become inflamed because of the decrease in cartilage, a rubbery tissue covering our bones. The bones then rub against each other, which triggers the pain. The likelihood of getting affected by joint pain increases as one becomes older. Joint pain can vary from being mildly painful to a severe, debilitating condition which renders movement impossible. There is no cure for joint pain, although there are many treatment options which can help alleviate the pain and reduce the severity of the condition.

The pain depends on the type of arthritis. In the first stage, the pain predominantly occurs due to certain activities like walking up stairs or on uneven surfaces or squatting or sitting in a cross-legged position. As the condition progresses, the pain is continuous and occurs even during routine activities like walking a few feet. Therefore, it is advised that people who suffer from joint pain for more than two weeks with no history of medical ailments must consult an orthopaedic surgeon so that they can be evaluated by clinical examination and X-rays.

Before we go into the symptoms, causes and treatment options,

Let us have a look at the different types of Arthritis :-

• 1. Osteoarthritis: It is age-related arthritis which mainly affects the elderly population. But, nowadays it is commonly seen in people as young as in their late forties and early fifties.
• 2. Inflammatory Arthritis: This includes conditions like rheumatoid, psoriatic, systemic lupus erythematosus which predominantly affect the middle-aged and the younger population.
• 3. There are other forms of arthritis such as crystal-induced arthritis, also known as Gouty arthritis. A small population of these involve bacterial arthritis and viral arthritis.



Osteoarthritis

It is also known as primary arthritis. It is an inflammation of the joint caused due to degeneration of the cartilage. The cartilage, which surrounds the bones in and around the joints such as knees, becomes thin and rough, causing the bone to be exposed. This causes bits of bone and cartilage to float around in the joint and results in inflammation. It is caused due to injuries, disease, ageing or might be hereditary in nature. Some of the common symptoms of osteoarthritis include pain in the affected joints, swollen joints, stiffness and loss of motion.

There are different stages of osteoarthritis, which can be observed either during an X-ray or during surgery :-

• • The first stage starts with softening of the cartilage where it is not actually broken but is less capable of bearing the load.
• • In the next stage, the surface of the cartilage becomes eroded and tiny cracks appear.
• • In stage three, the thickness of the cartilage reduces, the joint space becomes narrower.
• • In the fourth stage, the cartilage is totally absent.



Rheumatoid Arthritis

It is an autoimmune disease, i.e., it occurs when the body’s tissues are mistakenly attacked by their own immune system. It causes chronic inflammation in the joints. It is also known as a systemic illness because it can affect other organs of the body.

Gouty Arthritis

This is another major kind which is caused by excessive uric acid in the blood. It can result in sudden burning pain, stiffness and swelling in joints. It is more common in men. The risk of being affected with gout increases if one is overweight or consumes excess alcohol or meat and fish.

Risk Factors for Arthritis

The risk of arthritis increases with an increase in age. Conditions such as obesity are also contributing factors. It is genetic in nature, and is more prevalent amongst women, except for some types such as gout which are more common in males. Injuries and infections in joints can also increase the risk of developing arthritis.

Causes of Arthritis

It depend on the respective type causing pain. Joint injuries lead to degenerative arthritis, abnormal metabolism leads to gout, genetic factors play a role in incidences of osteoarthritis, infections result in arthritis of Lyme disease and an overactive immune system results in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Symptoms of Arthritis

The common signs and symptoms of arthritis are :-

• • Pain in the joints, which may be constant or intermittent in nature.
• • Inflammation of the joints due to stiffness, swelling, which causes the joints to become warm.
• • Difficulty in motion and loss of motion
• • Tenderness of the inflamed joint
• • Fever, weight loss, fatigue and abnormalities of organs such as kidneys, heart etc. in the case of rheumatoid.



Treatment Options for Arthritis

Although there is no cure, there are many options available for treating arthritis. They are:

• • Medications :- These provide relief from the joint pain by reducing inflammation which is the source of the pain. Over-the-counter medicines like Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen, Tylenol etc. are some of the common medications used. But they may also result in certain side-effects like ulcers and bleeding. Tropical jells can stimulate the sensory nerve endings in the skin and reduce pain signals through the nervous system. Doctors may also prescribe a newer generation of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), known as Cox-2 inhibitors. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, which particularly addresses the cause of rheumatoid.
• • Physical Therapy :- Exercise is the best way to relieve pain and reduce damage to the joints. Low-impact exercises such as stretching, swimming and cycling are recommended because they don’t put pressure on the joints. Aerobics can help improve the stamina and strengthen the heart and the lungs.
• • Weight loss :- People who succeed in reducing their weight experience a reduction in their pain and disability due to arthritis as well. This is because there is now lesser stress on the joints.
• • Surgery :-This is recommended for severe cases when the joints don’t respond to other treatments.
• • Home Care :- The patient can try some simple techniques at home, like cushioning the joint with a brace or a wrap, applying heat and ice packs to ease the inflammation and pain etc.



Do’s and Don’ts of living with Arthritis

It depends on the type of condition of arthritis. In the case of osteoarthritis, it is important to keep yourself healthy and fit and strengthening the knees so that they are capable of bearing more weight. A healthy diet and lifestyle must be followed. The patient must not squat or sit cross-legged and do deep knee flexion exercises as they cause more wear and tear. They should also not put on more weight through obesity which is the most common factor for failure of the knees.

Rheumatoid arthritis mainly affects the young, so the patients should consult an orthopaedic surgeon or rheumatologist since early diagnosis can prove to be beneficial in providing a long-term solution.

Other forms of arthritis such as gouty can be treated by lowering their uric acid levels. Dietary modifications and medications play a very important role in the treatment of crystal-induced arthritis.

In many cases, a combination of therapies can be used to ease the effects of arthritis. The bottom-line is, although there is no cure for this condition, a healthy and active lifestyle can play a major role in warding off this disease.